Analysis on Successful and Failed Company

Analysis on Failed Company 1. Kodak Kodak founded in 1880 by George Eastman. Eastman Kodak, the 131-year-old film pioneer that has been struggling for years to adapt to an increasingly digital world, filed for bankruptcy protection on January 2012. (Merced, January 2012) Example: In 1996, Kodak introduces Advantix Preview film and camera system, which Kodak spent more than $500M to develop and launch. One of the key features of the Advantix system was that it allowed users to preview their shots and indicate how many prints they wanted.The Advantix Preview could do that because it was a digital camera. Yet it still used film and emphasized print because Kodak was in the photo film, chemical and paper business. Advantix flopped. (Mui, 2012). Reasons of Failure: Kodak’s strategic failure was the direct cause of Kodak’s decades-long decline as digital photography destroyed its film-based business model. Kodak’s missed opportunities in digital photography. Kodak mana gement’s inability to see digital photography as a disruptive technology, even as its researchers extended the boundaries of the technology, would continue for decades.George Eastman, who twice adopted disruptive photographic technology, Kodak’s management in the 80’s and 90’s were unwilling to consider digital as a replacement for film. The transformation from analog cameras to digital camera was failed. This limited them to a fundamentally flawed path. They cannot compete with the gradual rise of the mobile phone camera ( Apple iPhone, Samsung) and others strong competitors ( Nikon, Olympus, Canon). Kodak mistakes that people, in after the picture will continue to print it out, but this kind of thing more and more impossible.From this perspective, photo sharing more for communication, rather than personal memories. 2. Pets. com (internet and new technology failure) Launched in August 1998, Pets. com was created to sell pets food and accessories via the internet. Users of the site could browse through different categories, choose products they like and have them conveniently delivered to their home. On 7 November 2000 Pets. com announced that it could no longer continue as a business, and as such became the first US dot. com on the stock market to close. Pets. com folded after having burned through $300 million in less than two years.Over 300 people lost their jobs and the site was shut down. In a statement made to the press on that same day, CEO Julie Wainwright explained the situation. ‘It is well known that this is a very, very difficult environment for business-to-consumer Internet companies,’ she said. Reasons of Failure: Perhaps the main problem was that Internet users weren’t ready to order their pet food online. After all, dog food is dog food, and there clearly weren’t enough people searching for rare pet items that they wouldn’t be able to find in their hometown.In 1998, people will rathe r driving down to the shops and getting the pet food and accessories on the spot, rather than wait a few days delivery period. The strategy of offering extreme discounts clearly wasn’t working. According to Dan Janal, author of Branding the Net, the cost per customer acquisition for Pets. com was about US $80. He said ‘There’s no way you make that back when you sell a product with a paper-thin margin†¦ ’ But its discount policy wasn’t Pets. com’s only problem.It had also introduced free shipping – which was proving increasingly expensive for the company to sustain, especially when customers were ordering very little. One of its major mistakes was the excessive spending on marketing and advertising. During its lifetime Pets. com spent more than $70 million on marketing and an average of $400 to acquire each new customer (Bucholtz, 2000). Pets. com advertised more heavily than any other online pet e-tailer. Pets. com spent too much money on building awareness, and too little time questioning whether its Web site was a viable business in the long term. 3. Tesco in Japan Japan is the smallest of Tesco's 13 international businesses, consisting of 129 stores in greater Tokyo and making less than ? 500m in annual sales, according to analysts' estimates. According to Guardian News (August 31, 2011) noted that Tesco has decided to sell its Japanese business after eight years there. On June 18, 2012 Tesco sell half its operations in the country to Japanese retailer Aeon Corp. for a nominal sum, the first of a two-stage exit. The two companies will form a joint venture, with Tesco investing some 0 million pounds (($63 million) to finance further fund restructuring. After that, Tesco will have no further financial exposure to the Japanese business. Reasons of Failure: †¢Lackluster economic growth In the almost decade-long period (it entered in 2003 through acquisition of local player C Two-Network) it was operating in the market, the retailer never seemed able to gain scale and traction in a notoriously difficult retail sector. In 2011, Tesco Japan made trading losses of ? 35m. †¢Wrong partner In Japan, C Two-Network at the time of acquisition had 78 stores and annual revenues of less than $0. 5 bn.By any stretch of the imagination it was not a major player in the Japanese retail sector. Plus, some of its stores required plenty of investment. †¢Tough competition Tesco’s competitors had been operating before the entry of Tesco and had built strong market dominance. Launching Tesco Express seemed a logical move given the existing store portfolio and the format’s success elsewhere. However, it faced stiff competition from local c-store giants such as 7-Eleven, LAWSON, FamilyMart and Ministop. In addition, these players have also expanded into residential price-focused supermarkets – LAWSON STORE 100.Beside this, rivals such as Seven & I and AEON have really investe d in improving their own ranges in recent years. ? 4. Harley Davidson Harley Davidson (H-D), the American motorcycle manufacturer has a loyal brand following not only in the U. S. but also in many countries across the globe. It also introduced a range of accessories to match the bike. A chain of retail shops sold H-D branded merchandise like T-shirts, jackets, caps, gloves, helmets key chains, socks, ornaments etc. Reasons of failure: A brand over-extension In the 1990s, it extended the brand too far and moves into inappropriate categories.The company introduced products like ties, infant clothes, wine coolers, aftershave and perfumes. Even the loyal fans did not like the idea, as it did not resonate with the tough brand identity. However, Perfumes and wine coolers were eroding the mystery of the H-D brand. After strong criticism from the loyal customers, the company pulled of many inappropriate products. H-D had learnt a branding lesson. More products did not mean more revenue and overextending the brand meant a short-term focus. The company has now admitted its mistake, and stopped producing perfumes and other inappropriate products. . Pan Am Pan American World Airways was one of the most famous brands of airline on the planet in the 1980s. Pan American World Airways known as Pan Am was the principal and largest international air carrier in the United States from 1927 until it ceased operations on December 4, 1991. Reason of failure: †¢Tragedy – terrorist attack In 1988, disaster struck. A Pan Am plane (flight 103) on route from London to New York disappeared from radar somewhere above Scotland. Later it emerged that a bomb had gone off in the cargo area, causing aircraft to break in two.In total, 270 people were killed, including 11 on the ground. This horrible nature of the tragedy make Pan Am name was tarnished and could never recover. Despite the company’s constant promises of commitment to increasing its airline’s security, the public was simply not willing to fly with Pan Am due to decline in confidence. ? 6. Kellogg’s in India Kellogg offered Corn Flakes, Wheat flakes, Basmati rice flakes (ready to eat cereals) in India. Despite offering good quality and being supported by the technical, managerial and financial resources of its patent, Kellogg’s product failed in the Indian market.In April 1995, a 25% decline in sales happened in India. Reasons of failure: †¢Over confidence and ignorance of cultural aspects Kellogg’s believed that it is going to introduce the new breakfast products, heavily on the quality of crispy flakes. But pouring hot milk on the flakes made them soggy. Also Kellogg in its advertising campaigns hinted that the Indian breakfast was not nutrition and that Indian breakfast was not good for health. This deeply hurt the sentiments of the home maker. Once the home maker’s ego was hurt they psychologically turned themselves against the concept of corn flak e based breakfast. Lack of understanding Indian consumer’s behavior and habits India is a country that has a history that comprises of traditional practices, which also include the regular and long followed eating habits. Kellogg’s failure was the fact that the taste of its products did not suit Indian breakfast habit. †¢Premium pricing policy Another reason for the low demand was deemed to be the premium pricing adopted by the company. The prices of its products were too much than the nearest competitors like Mohan’s Cornflakes. ? Analysis on Successful Company 7. Starbucks in ChinaHoward Schultz, the CEO of Starbucks announced that China will become its largest market outside the United States. It has opened over 500 outlets in the country, which are more profitable per outlet than in the U. S. China will soon become the biggest market outside the United States for Starbucks. The keys to Starbucks were to: †¢Create products tailored to China’s unique cultural tastes Instead of trying to force onto the market the same products that work in the U. S, Starbucks developed flavors (e. g. green tea-flavored coffee drinks) that appeal to local tastes.Rather than pushing take-out orders, which account for the majority of American sales, Starbucks adapted to local consumer wants and promoted dine-in service. †¢Position its brand as â€Å"aspirational† to allow higher product pricing. The average coffee sold in China is far more expensive than in the U. S. Carrying a Starbucks cup is seen as a status symbol, a way to demonstrate sophistication and the capability to afford a personal luxury for the up-and-coming middle class in China. Starbuck's high pricing strategy of specialty drinks allows it to have its Chinese outlets be more profitable per store in China despite the lower sales volume.Overall in Asia, its operating margins are 34. 6% in 2011 versus 21. 8% in the United States. †¢Differentiate itself from its competitors Starbucks build-in spacious, comfortable air-conditioned or heated stores attracting professionals for business meetings. Starbucks former strategy was centred in offering a high quality product to a narrow consumer segment (coffee lovers). By offering high quality, these lead customers to have a lower sensitiveness on price, opportunity for higher margins, and an increase of customer loyalty. ? 8. Subway The main reason for their success is they are going with the right trends.Since people now are more concern on healthy lifestyle, food with less calories and more nutritional food. Subway constant expansion has turned us from choosing McDonald to ‘Eat Fresh’ value meal. At the end of 2010, Subway had 33,749 restaurants worldwide, in comparison to McDonald’s which had 32,737, the BBC reports. A major promoter of the Subway brand, and a huge boost to the company’s image, has been Jared Fogel, the young man who decided to go on a diet that simpl y consisted of Subway sandwiches. He was hundreds of pounds overweight, and successfully lost this weight on his Subway diet.Subway achieved its rapid growth, in part, by opening outlets in non-traditional locations around the world. It had very strategic in planning its locations. These include a car showroom in California, an appliance store in Brazil, a ferry terminal in Seattle, a riverboat in Germany, a zoo in Taiwan, a Goodwill store in South Carolina, a high school in Detroit and even a church in New York, according to the Wall Street Journal. The Subway Restaurants are pretty small; this mean their cost are very low and can fit basically anywhere. Another great idea Subway had was to introduce the 5 dollar foot long.As money becomes tighter and tighter, consumers didn’t want to waste money on lunch. For 5 dollars, you can get a decent amount of their subs. The nice, round price that can be paid with one bill has led to a song and tons of sales. 9. Blackberry in Indone sia Compared to all countries in Southeast Asia, Indonesia does have the largest number of BlackBerry users. The BlackBerry came to Indonesia in 2004, when Research In Motion (RIM) formed a partnership with local telecommunications company PT Indosat. There are about three million BlackBerry subscribers in Indonesia. Atika Shubert , 2009). Blackberry discovers the habits of the users in Indonesia. Indonesians love to use their phones to type and chat. People from all walks of life here like to form online communities and share information, especially on their BBM profiles which is ideal for this type of social engagement. So they come out with the phone that with keyboards and touch screen function. The iPhone's touch screen has less appeal in this respect. Another reason is price. Blackberry phones cost about $500 when sold new, compared to an iPhone that costs around $900.But if bought on Indonesia's â€Å"gray market† — in order words, smuggled in tax free — then a BlackBerry can be purchased for around $300. That caters not just to Indonesia's high-end businessmen but also to the country's growing and fashion-conscious middle class. (Atika Shubert , 2009). Another reason is accessibility. Indonesia's Internet infrastructure is expensive and not always reliable. Getting a home broadband connection can cost as much as $100 a month. For many Indonesians, it's easier, and cheaper, to get a web-enabled phone. (Atika Shubert , 2009). 10. Tesco in South KoreaTesco had been evolving itself, adjusting to the local market. It even change the name itself from Tesco to Home plus. When grocery chain Tesco wanted to expand their market share in South Korea without increasing the number of stores. They came up with a brilliant idea. Due to the people in South Korea work long hours and less leisure time. Also increase populations possess smart phones. They thought of an efficient way to sell their products. The Korean subsidiary Home Plus put up billb oards in subway stations with their range of products, accompanied by QR, or Quick Response codes.All people had to do now is scan the QR codes with their cell phone and the groceries were delivered to their doorsteps. The South Korean market remains Tesco’s largest international business with sales of ? 4. 5bn and profits of almost ? 300m. (ReWiring Businees, 2011). According to Tesco’s Business Review in Asia, their Home plus concept is delivering remarkable results with sales growth of 33% and profits went up to over 50% in South Korea. They otherwise continue to make good progression with establishing a strong brand in Asian markets. List of referencesAtika Shubert (December 28, 2009). CNN tech: BlackBerry boom in Indonesia. Available from the world web: http://articles. cnn. com/2009-12-28/tech/indonesia. blackberry_1_blackberry-phones-iphone-mobile-phone? _s=PM:TECH Brand Failure (November 14, 2006). Internet and new technology failures: Pets. com. Available from the world web: http://brandfailures. blogspot. com/2006/11/internet-and-new-technology-failures. html Casestudyinc. com (Mar 12, 2012). A brand extension mistake by Harley Davidson . Available from the world web: http://www. casestudyinc. om/harley-davidson-brand-extension-failure Gray, Paul (December 23, 2009). Pets. com – A Classic Example of Product Development Failure. Available from the world web: http://www. brainmates. com. au/brainrants/pets-com-%E2%80%93-a-classic-example-of-product-development-failure Merced, Michael J. De La (January 19, 2012). New York Times: Eastman Kodak Files for Bankruptcy. Available from the world web: http://dealbook. nytimes. com/2012/01/19/eastman-kodak-files-for-bankruptcy/ ReWiring Business (July 4, 2011). Tesco goes virtual again – Application of few success factors in South Korean retail business.Available from the world web: http://www. rewiringbusiness. co. uk/tesco-goes-virtual-again-%E2%80%93-application-of-few-success-fact ors-in-south-korean-retail-business/ Mui, Chunka (January 19, 2012). How Kodak Failed. Available from the world web: http://www. forbes. com/sites/chunkamui/2012/01/18/how-kodak-failed/3/ USA Today ( Feb 10, 2012). Rein, Shaun, CNBC. com Contributor: Why Starbucks succeeds in China and others haven't. Available from the world web: http://www. usatoday. com/money/industries/food/story/2012-02-12/cnbc-starbucks-secrets-of-china-success/53040820/1

Phenomenology of Love Essay

Love is something that means very different things to different people. For some, love can be purely romantic, or even purely sexual. For others, real love is utterly unconditional and only truly exists between family members, or between people and a deity. And for some people, love is fluid, ever changing, and everywhere, and is felt for family, friends, partners, pets, and even inanimate objects, dead artists, and fictional characters. None of these people would be right or wrong, but one thing is certain: love is the most powerful force in the entire universe. Between partners of any description, be they married or, boyfriend and girlfriend, straight or gay, young or old, love is a relationship of mutual understanding and respect. Marriages and partnerships are often built on common ground that people find when they first meet; this can be as deep as sharing religious, philosophical or religious beliefs, or as simple as finding that you love the same film, book, or band. This kind of love is often reliant on some kind of ‘chemistry’: that strange feeling that they give you in the pit of your stomach, and the feeling that nothing in the world is more important to you than enjoying the moment you’re in together. Some people feel that they experience love at first sight, where they know from the minute they set eyes on each other that they want to be with that person, but something built on common interests and understanding must be stronger. It is the strength of this feeling that makes love the most powerful emotion that most of us will ever experience. People can do some dreadful things out of hate and fear, but love can push us to do much, much worse. And it is often love that can cause us to hate, whether it’s out of jealousy, or anger because our loved one has been hurt. Love, ultimately, is a sacrifice, whatever the relationship, and it must be the most powerful force in the universe because as human beings, we make tru e sacrifices for nothing less. Love is a very special and meaningful word to each human being. Read more:  Example of Persuasive Essay About Love Each human being has his/her own thoughts about love to guide himself/herself to land safely and smoothly into the kingdom of Love. Without this preconceived idea of love, people would be acting like a blind person searching for the light with thousand of obstacles in front. I know this question exists in each human being’s mind including myself. If not it is still waiting to be discovered deeply in your heart. What do I think of love? For me, I believe love is a priceless diamond, because a diamond has thousands of reflections, and each  reflection represents a meaning of love. With love I can accept a person’s imperfections without any condition, and able to transfer the way I love myself to another person who I am fancy at. With love I can have the power against loneliness, sadness, and illness, and to be able to change them into my happiness. As well as, having a key to open my heart to look at this world without a mask, to show people who I really am. But on the other hand, my love cannot be a substitute for anything, which means nothing can be substituted for my love. It also means those reflections of the diamond cannot be replaced by any kind of light or reflection, because the untrue reflection will not be a real diamond, and will not be able to spread out its resplendent and meaningful reflection of love to people about whom I care. Most of us act as though we know what it is without truly understanding its meaning and essence. This has been true of me. Before I encountered this phenomenology of love, I already had experiences of loving other people – my family, my friends, and girlfriends past and present. However, I was belonged to the people whom Erich Fromm described as believing in the popular notion of love. I emphasized the characteristics of the people I loved, why I needed them, and I mostly demanded that they love me more than I demanded myself to love them. My concept love was shallow. Yes, I felt it, but I knew it not. However, all that changed when I came across the phenomenology of love. It was an articulation of fundamental characteristics of love which I knew my heart was saying but my mind was incapable of putting into words. When I was reading the said phenomenology, I constantly had that weird feeling of realizing something and relating to it strongly with past experiences. I strongly agree with it. Indeed, love begins with the experience of loneliness and then grows as someone reaches out lovingly to the other. I also experienced that, but did not know its meaning in relation to the love I had. Indeed, in loving others, I always sought their love too, in the same or in even greater measure than that which I gave them. But I realized with the phenomenology that it is alright to feel that way and wish for the same, but that it should not be the motivation in my loving act. But what struck me the most was the statement that when we â€Å"love† someone without knowing our true worth, we are like making them trash bins to whom we throw ourselves. Because of t his and the entirety of the phenomenology of love, I learned what loving is truly all  about. Indeed, it’s a many-splendored thing.

Embedding Core Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Embedding Core Skills - Essay Example According to Moser report (1998), one in five people were found to be functionally illiterate. The more recent Leitch report (2006) also discovered that a third of adults are not equipped with the basic school-leaving qualifications. Chances of functioning or success are undermined without this minimum core level. The two reports were funded by the government that was concerned that learners were not being equipped with the required level in core subjects like information and communication technology, mathematics and literacy. Embedding core skills in vocational subjects with emphasis on transferred skills that could be applied to workplace was considered. That’s why screening assessment like the BKSB are very important especially at the start of a course as a section of their opening assessment. It is very essential to know the level that your learners are operating at for their functional skills. Knowing where your students are, makes it possible for you to make out what they need to be taught. Having this knowledge will help in building towards where the students need to be. Embedding is the term mostly used to refer to the inclusion of these functional skills. Embedding, as defined in the Oxford English Dictionary (2012), refers to fixing an object deeply and firmly in a surrounding mass. Additionally it refers to implanting a feeling or an idea for it to become ingrained in a certain context. This indicates clearly that trainers and teachers have a responsibility of incorporating functional skills at any available chance. Beginning with planning, by writing lesson plans and schemes of learning which take into consideration core elements, showing details how ICT, numeracy and Literacy will be included to some degree in every lesson, helps in finding creative solutions. Therefore, it is the responsibility of teachers to find actively out chances of

Challanges for The SME's ( Small and Medium Size Enterprises ) Essay

Challanges for The SME's ( Small and Medium Size Enterprises ) - Essay Example The annual balance sheet of the organization should not be more than 43 million euros. Hallberg (2000) further explains that in Europe, different countries have a definition of SMEs. For instance in Germany, an SME must not exceed a limit of more than 255 employees. In Belgium the number of employees must not exceed 100 people. This means that a company that has 255 employees in Belgium would pay taxes at a full rate, but it will qualify for a subsidy in the European Union (Padoan, 2010). In the United States, there is a criteria used in the definition of an SME. This criterion is based on the structure of ownership, the type of industry, the number of employees, and the revenue that the organization gets. In the United States, the cap that limits an organization identified as an SME may be 1500 people, but on most occasions, the cap stands at 500 people (Nummela, 2011). SMEs normally face a series of challenges, and one such challenge is the inability of the organization to get some appropriate office space (Lenihan, 2010). For instance, an SME would need some appropriate infrastructures in their buildings, which comprises of adequate water and electrical facility. However, these organizations rarely receive such facilities (Jetter, 2006). This is because of inadequate financing, and capital resources that can make them to afford these kinds of facilities. Furthermore, SMEs are always unable to access high quality internet services at a cheaper cost. This is because most of them have to get their own DSL links or wireless internet services which are always expensive. This is because they are unable to pool their resources and purchase bulk internet connectivity at a wholesale price (Levy, 2005). Most entrepreneurs of SMEs normally lack experience, and this plays a role in the failure of their business enterprises. Because of their inexperience, they are

Ethical and Socially Responsive Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical and Socially Responsive Business - Essay Example This enables the restaurant to maintain high social and ethical standards in the society where it carries out its business. This implies the restaurant must be accountable for the negative effects of its operations on the government, suppliers, consumers, the civil rights groups and churches within a given jurisdiction. The restaurant is committed to safeguarding the environment from pollution from its own business. Moreover, it has embarked on the creation of good social relations with the society around its location in order to gain an understanding and gather information on the impact of the restaurant’s activities on the social environment (Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc, 2). This restaurant is known to incorporate its stakeholders in the decision making process. This gives the community a chance to give a credible contribution with regard to the restaurant’s social responsibility. Social responsibility has enabled the restaurant to have strong influence within its loc ality given its participation in provision of externalities to the society. The restaurant code of conduct with regard to insider information applies to its business. The activities of this restaurant are many given its competitive advantage as a food industry leader. The entity receives credit from various customers but insider information must be kept the restaurant’s secret all the time. This enables the restaurant to access financial aid. Moreover, this serves as a sales and marketing technique because a financially stable enterprise is considered favorable when its success strategies are not exposed. According to Carroll and Ann, compliance to the safeguarding of insider information requirement contributes in the market liberalization hence enabling the consumers to make informed decisions (38). It is involved in the handling of consumer issues. This has made many consumers and other stakeholders to identify with the restaurant hence outstanding performance in the sellin g of its foodstuffs. Moreover, the code of conduct pertaining to harassment and sexual abuse of women ensures that women are protected and appreciated hence female customers of Chipotle restaurant have increased. This has increased the overall returns of the restaurant (Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc, 2). The anti-discrimination regulation anchored in the code is also relevant in the running of this restaurant. This offers the customers protection against any intimidation based on race or tribe hence increasing the restaurant revenue. Hancock asserts that anti-discrimination gives the stakeholders of the restaurant concerned an assurance of the safety of their resources (67). The requirement of the code pertaining to sexual harassment also boosts the customer relationship within the restaurant given that women feel more secure and accommodated. This boosts the revenue because of the influx of many ladies into the restaurant. Integrity is another aspect which is vital in the restaurant. This aspect has a high correlation to thrive in the restaurant business. The workforce must act in utmost good faith at all times in order to realize favorable performance results at the end of the financial period of the restaurant. The management also must exhibit transparency and good stewardship of the economic resources entrusted to them by the stakeholders. According to Carroll and Ann compliance to this requirement results in productivity and

Analysis and critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis and critique - Essay Example The side effects, resistance to insecticides in vectors and cost-effectiveness of DDT were discussed (2009). He concludes that though there is limited implementation of DDT alternatives, however, more research needs to be done, as IVM will diminish dependence on DDT (2009, p. 1661). Van den Berg states that, when compared with other insecticides, DDT was once a cost effective method of vector control, however, that does not hold true any longer; even as early as 1998, the cost of DDT and other insecticides became almost equal, with DDT costs ranging from US$1.50-3.00 and other insecticides costing less than US$2.20 (2009, p. 1657-1658). Moreover, recent studies show that the risk of human exposure is great in those living in sprayed houses (2009, p. 1658), however, there is a dearth of such studies, e.g. no peer-reviewed data is available from India which is the biggest user of DDT (2009, p. 1658). Van den Berg points out that though the WHO is reassessing the health risks of DDT, however, progress in this regard is slow (2009, p. 1658). DDT is known to be a persistent molecule and, as such, it takes a long while for it to degrade. It does not run-off either, as it binds itself with the organic matter present in soils and aquatic sediment (van den Berg, 2009, p . 1658). The DDT molecules have been shown to cause a lot of harm in the environment; therefore, there is a need for other alternatives to be explored. Another disadvantage of continuing to use DDT is the insecticide resistance that has been reported in certain species of the vectors. Van den Berg states that though the resistance was developed as a consequence of the excessive use of DDT in the agricultural sector, however, it is further exacerbated by the use of synthetic pyrethroids (2009, p. 1658). Van den Berg has also given a list of certain alternatives to

Although a contemporary situation and not an aspect of western Essay

Although a contemporary situation and not an aspect of western history, apply Neil Postman's theoretical Five Points to the rece - Essay Example Postman describes the high cost that society pays by becoming modernists. In his first theory he mentions that for every good aspect that comes out of a recent invention there will always be a corresponding difficulty. His second theory explains how innovation is never evenly distributed amongst the general population. What might be an advantage to some becomes a serious disadvantage for others. Portman’s third theory is based on the fact that technology, computer systems in particular, value information rather than knowledge. As such by becoming a society focused on the latest of digital devices in turn looses its personal value system. The fourth theory is defined as technology being an additive rather than ecological. A computerized system does not compliment society, but rather changes it into something else. Postman concludes the lecture with his fifth theory, stating that inventions were originally created in order to facilitate people’s lives, have somehow become looked upon as though they was created by God rather than manmade inventions. Although Postman formulated his theories before the 21st century, his theories still very much apply in today’s society. The case in point is the recent devastation seen in Japan. On March 10, 2011 a devastating earthquake followed by a Tsunami rippled through Japan, leaving behind mass destruction. This natural disaster caused severe damage to the population, the surrounding cities and the large energy plant causing a nuclear crisis. The earthquake that struck the northern region of Tokyo was the fifth largest since the 1900’s measuring a 9 on the â€Å"Richter Scale†. The quake was followed by 600 aftershocks. In less than ten minutes after the quake hit, a Tsunami struck and destroyed most of the Northern coast of Japan. A Tsunami is the Japanese word for â€Å"harbor waves† and is caused by disturbances in the earth. Formation and cycle of completion of a Tsunami only takes about twenty minutes to complete. Due to its high speeds and velocity it does not give much time for the general population to save themselves from this level of destruction. Despite the measures put into place by Japan, the recent natural destruction left behind many casualties, injured and lost property. The damage caused by the Tsunami continued even after the stormed cleared. The Fukushima Daichi plant is used to produce the country’s electricity. The plant uses a mechanism of chain reactions of splitting atoms in order to produce heat. This heat boils water and eventually generates electricity. The danger behind this type of technology is that it’s incredibly unstable. The recent hit by the Tsunami created a break in the plant’s cooling system, causing it to overheat risking radiation leak into the environment. Although natural disasters are unavoidable the nuclear crisis that Japan is facing most certainly was. This is keeping in line with Postman’ s theory of the disadvantages faced with the advancements of technology. If Japan were to utilize a different way to generate electricity, it would not have to deal with the potential of hazardous waste leaking into the

First Day at College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

First Day at College - Essay Example Additionally, I had to embrace the advancement in technology in U.S, which was far ahead than my native country. Having not slept much, I took a taxicab that dropped me at the gate of the college that would be my new community for the next several years. After alighting and removing the luggage, I stood still unaware of the next move. I could not help by enjoy the beauty and the elegance of everything around me. There were many students at the college some walking to classes and others proceeding to the administration block for orientation. Although it was difficult to tell the new students apart, I followed the group of students moving to the administration block. The orientation team was so welcoming and they took our details and directed us to the college hostels. That was the most nervous time of the day since I had dreaded sharing a room with an unfriendly person. However, the roommate was so welcoming and kind hearted. By the college-orientation program card, we had to take a t our round the college as a group of new students. That was the most opportune time to make friends with other students. However, it was difficult interacting with U.S natives since I had a slight problem with my spoken English. Every time I tried bringing up a conversation, the other students made fun of me for not making my point clear. Nevertheless, I took it as a chance to make fun too. I would say something absurd to make the other students laugh and thus ease the tension. In the process, I was able to create a niche in the new environment. As we went round the college, I felt as if we were on a discovery tour. With a college map in my hand, I could try pointing to the next place of visit before we reached there. It was a dream comes true. I had never been to such an exclusive place before. Everything seemed so elegant and sophisticated. On our way back to the hostels, I met a student who seemed a bit lost. He greeted me and I noticed that he had an accent of a certain tribe in my continent. The student happened to be taking the same course with me. He had been allocated a hostel neighbouring mine but had lost his way back after taking a walk around. I could hardly hide the excitement and only thought of him as an angel in this foreign land. We found a cool place to seat as we went through our timetables together. From the moment we sat there, I realised that we have so much to learn from each other, right from our background cultures, religions and past knowledge and experiences. On visiting different areas of the college, my heart felt at ease on realisation that the music club, the basketball club, debate club and the talents show club were present. I had won many accolades through participation in these clubs since childhood and now I knew that great growth was awaiting me accompanied by global ideas. The evening was crowned with orientation and by great speeches from the university chancellor and head of departments who apart from welcoming us to the college and to different faculties encouraged the art of diversity and global interactions. They said this would not only build our academic excellence, but will also contribute to personal and professional development. Having come from a conservative background with ingrained

Reggae into the Contemporary American Society Essay

Reggae into the Contemporary American Society - Essay Example Regardless of the culture from which and individual hails, the common point is that a desirable culture should provide an individual with a sense of identity and the individual should be able to understand the dynamic nature of the world and be able to adjust to the changes encountered. Folk culture refers to the natural way of life that is defined by an ideal culture in a given community. This culture emphasizes on the human values like honor and the principle of reasoning and a view that the natural setting should be valued and considered wholesome. The spirit of hard work, self-discipline, and excellence are some of the aims of a folk culture, and which have currently lost grounds in the majority of the modern culture. Others include individual responsibility and loyalty to the authority. There are various ways through which communities preserve their cultural heritage to uphold their identity. The traditional cultural preservations include some ritual practices, traditional folk dances, folk tales, and folk music (Jankee, 2). The themes of the folk songs pointed out the cultural values like brevity, loyalty, and hard work. They often contained information on peaceful coexistence among the individuals in a given society. These traditional folk cultural expressions developed into the modern expressions with some deviations. Much of the human values that were emphasized by the traditional folk songs are not stressed in the modern Western cultures. The modern culture happens not to view nature as it was viewed earlier and neither does it allow nature to take control of life as in the olden days. There has also emerged a relation between the cultural expressions and grass root developments, especially in the developing nations. The different cultural expressions that are witnessed in different parts of the world are all concerned with the issue of defining the identity of the community.  

Responsibility of a Critical Thinker in a Contemporary Society Research Paper

Responsibility of a Critical Thinker in a Contemporary Society - Research Paper Example The responsibility and roles of a critical thinker in a contemporary Society is majorly to sparks, re-energizes and invigorate the change nucleus or focus in the outlined society highlighting on various segment that need change and providing timely change as treated relevant to the discipline. They question the relevance of doing things in the traditional or conventional mode. Every sector has established professionals with in-depth knowledge regarding the segment, but that does not mean that an unqualified person cannot question. Realization of moral reasoning, an entailed and research-based for search of truth and corresponding quest for entailed data gathering of information technology is highly imperative. Various models of thinking are either disregarding established model in the society or blindly following the wrong route. For instance, there are established fallacies like appeal to tradition, which may compel the father to control the household wrongly believing that traditions empower him. Such traditions are subject to control since they fail to avail the exact picture required in contemporary life. Fathers are human beings, and their findings and decisions can be challenged by the children or even the mother in the house (Platzer, Blake & Ashford, 2000). Clear review of issues with concerns on whether they contribute to a positive development o f the society or they lower the standards expected. Reorganization of most households is in dire need of a transformative model to change the current system into positive and encouraging models. Violence, depressions and physical abuse are quite inherent in most households, and suicides are also common cases while focusing on the mainframe family issue. Immigration comes in handy with numerous evils and notable perils on immigrant’s lives. Other social ills propagated by absence of critical in the

Rhos-Y-Gwaliau Outdoor Education Center Essay Example for Free

Rhos-Y-Gwaliau Outdoor Education Center Essay Hello, Im here today to talk to you all about work experience. I can see a few anxious faces when I mention the words work experience, but I hope that my talk today will change that. Incase some of you are not exactly sure what work experience is, its a placement that you personally choose yourself, and than you will go there for a period of two weeks. I now it might seem a long time, two weeks but when youre there time just flays, and itll be worth it. And if youre lucky you might decide what you would like to do in the future from this experience, you never know!! Getting a placement is quite straight-forward you know. Well it does depend on were youre thinking of going. You can either phone them, e-mail them or send them a letter. What I did was phone them because I believe this was the most affective way and this way you are also able to find out more necessary information. All I had to do after I phoned was go and visit my placement to get to know everyone and to get to know the building. The day before I started on my work experience I was very anxious, but at the same time I was looking forward. So dont worry if you have similar feelings before you start your work experience because theyre just normal. The only advise I can give you is that you have an early night before you start your work experience so youll be rearing to go the next morning. Also on your first day you should make sure that you arrive at your placement right on time, so you make a good impression to your co-workers and employer. Its also important that you have a reliable transport. I was very lucky with my transport because my mum passed my placement on the way to her work, and it was very convenient. I went to Rhos-Y-Gwaliau Outdoor Education Center for my two weeks. I was very anxious before I got there each morning because I had no idea what was in store for me. The whole experience wasnt half as bad as I had predicted, I hope your outcome at the end of your work experience will be the same as well. Where I went on my work experience I didnt really have a typical day. Each day I did something different, sailing, canoeing, canoeing, climbing, hill trails and gorge walks. I arrived at the center at 8am each morning, then I had to make sure that all the children that were in my group had packed all the necessary kit they needed for the day. The we would all gather in the canteen, and make our lunches ready for the busy day that we had planned in front of us. Then we would all set off in our individual group and head towards our activity location. I had so much fun from my experience at Rhos-Y-Gwaliau Outdoor Education Center, and I found out a lot about myself. I do hope that you will choose a suitable placement for yourself and gain a lot of experience and knowledge. I sure did, and this whole experience will always stay with me. I dont have to tell you how much I enjoyed my work experience, because Im sure you can imagine. There was nothing I really disliked about my work experience, well the hours were a bit long, because twice a week I had to be there from 8am till 9pm, which I believe was a very long shift, but that didnt bring me down the slightest bit more enjoyable. The whole experience at Rhos-Y-Gwaliau Outdoor Education Center has definitely helped me choose what I would like to do in the future. This is an ideal work I would love to do when Im older. I found out that Im able to work with people from all ages and I truly enjoy working with children because you are able to see all the progress they have done and youre able to see the amazement on the childrens faces when they achieve a new skill. When I help people I get a warm feeling in my heart. I wish you all the best for the future, and I hope that my talk today has reassured you all, and you have a better incline of what to expect when youll be starting work experience in couple of weeks time. And I truly do hope that you will have two fantastic weeks at your placements, and try your best to enjoy them. Thank-you for listening to my talk today, and I hope that I have helped some of you, and you now know a little bit more of what youre in for. All the best to every single one of you. And thank-you for being such a good audience.

A multimedia Analysis of ‘A Doll’s House’ Essay Example for Free

A multimedia Analysis of ‘A Doll’s House’ Essay In Henrik Ibsen’s ‘A Doll’s House’, the1973 movie version by Joseph Losey better depicts a more compelling story than the written version, specifically with the character of Christine Linde. The play ‘A Doll’s House’ takes place in the late 1800’s in Norway, where men seemed more superior than women. Men usually take up the role of the sole breadwinner and take care of the household. Christine is a friend of Nora, was once engaged to Krogstad who was convicted of fraud. Christine was forced into marrying another person because of her responsibilities towards her family. She became a very independent woman who worked very hard in her life. But now she came to Nora looking for a purpose to live for. She sees how happy Nora is with her husband and children. She wants to work for someone else rather than just herself. However, Krogstad was working at Nora’s husband bank and Torvald is to be the now Bank Manager, is strongly contemplating on firing him because of his past and his reputation that he has within the community. What makes the movie version a more compelling than the written one is that, the movie uses a new script to which gave more effectiveness in the scenes whiles creating a good path towards character development, another reason is that the order in which the three acts were played out were significantly different in the movie which helped in the audience to have a better understanding of each character’s background. In the written version, Christine is shown as a friend to Nora, however, in the movie with its first scene, shows how more deeply and close the relationship with Christine and Nora is. As in the written version, Nora is unable to remember her friend even though Christine is in front of her, ‘Nora- (doubtfully). How do you do—Mrs. Linde You don\t recognize me, I suppose. Nora No, I don\t know—yes, to be sure, I seem to—(Suddenly.) Yes! Christine! Is it really you?’ (Ibsen; Act I). This scene took place in Helmer’s house according to the written version while the opening scene of the movie shows Christine and Nora chatting in a small diner, their conversation shows how close they are as friends. As Nora says to Christine, ‘We must write to each other†¦every week†¦you must come to visit us whenever you wish’ (Losey – A Dolls House; 1973). This drastically contrasts the written version, and while the movie scripts a re not 100% in line with the written version, it does give a better understanding of the relationship between Christine and Nora. In the written version, Christine is shown as a woman that has gone through a lot, having experiences with life and its hardship, but somehow the notion that she feels she is more knowledgeable, smart, and even sometimes, discourteous type of friend, is embedded within the story. As in the scene, where Nora talks about Dr. Rank with Christine, Christine’s response is completely left out in the movie version in order to have the character’s relationship with Nora to seem questionable. ‘Mrs. Linde Listen to me, Nora. You are still very like a child in many ways, and I am older than you in many ways and have a little more experience. Let me tell you this—you ought to make an end of it with Doctor Rank. Nora What ought I to make an end of? Mrs. Linde Of two things, I think. Yesterday you talked some nonsense about a rich admirer who was to leave you money—Nora An admirer who doesn\t exist, unfortunately! But what then? (Ibsen; Act II). That scene wen t on with Nora having no understanding of what Christine is implying or accusing her of but Christine’s response is, ‘Don\t prevaricate, Nora. Do you suppose I don\t guess who lent you the two hundred and fifty pounds’ (Ibsen; Act II). The whole use of the word ‘prevaricate’ highlights the difference between the two versions, whereas, in the movie, Christine’s response was ‘Nora, don’t you think I know that Dr. Rank loan you the money?’ (Losey – A Dolls House; 1973) with Nora’s response, ‘Are you mad? I wouldn’t have dreamed of such a thing’. The movie scene stays in line with each character and their development. The use of Christine in the story is to serve as a direct comparison to Nora’s character, the movie supports this notion. So that Christine does not seem to be patronizing Nora and creating a type of conflict between the two characters since their decision at the end of the story are very different which makes their choice more effectively.

Is The Concept Of Physician Assisted Suicide Ethical Philosophy Essay

Is The Concept Of Physician Assisted Suicide Ethical Philosophy Essay Is it ethical for a physician to participate in physician-assisted suicide when this practice clearly defies what is stated in the Hippocratic Oath? People look at their personal physician as a healer or lifesaver but what if the physician gave you the option to end your life in the situation of chronic, painful illness or injury? Would this cloud your opinion of them or would you still consider them to be helping us? Is it ethical to train physicians to assist in suicide? These questions are what I want to discuss throughout this paper. I would like to discuss the beliefs and opinions on the topic of physician-assisted suicide through the eyes of medical professionals, the Hippocratic Oath, states countries that have legalized this practice, various religious beliefs, and different moral theories such as Kant and Utilitarianism. The background of this practice will also be discussed. In the areas of the world where it is legalized, should there be certain criteria in place in order to receive it? What about the perspective of insurance companies on the matter? Is this truly devaluing human life? This is a very controversial topic that I hope to make more understandable. 2. Background Physician-assisted suicide is a form of euthanasia in which the physician does not actually give the patient a life-ending drug, but provides the patient with the drug that they can take themselves. It is a form of suicide, with the doctor providing the materials used to carry it out (Mackinnon 141). The Netherlands and Great Britain have legalized physician-assisted-suicide. This practice has not been legalized in every state in North America. Montana and Oregon currently allow the practice with no legal consequences for the physician who participates. Thirty five states currently have laws making it a crime to assist in a suicide. Oregon was the first state to pass the Death With Dignity Act, which allowed physician-assisted suicide to be practiced, but there are certain criteria that must be met for it to be considered legal. Two doctors must examine the patient and come to the conclusion that he or she is mentally stable and has less than six months to live. This must then be certified by a third doctor. The patient has to submit a written request as well as an oral request. A few days following, the patient is given a barbiturate: secobarbital or pentobarbital, and they must take the medication on their own (Mackinnon 143). When researching among patients the reason for requesting physician-assisted suicide, it was not to relieve pain or financial problems, but to preserve autonomy and personal control. Using Kants moral theory to view this situation, others would look at the motives behind the action. Why are they doing this? For what reason? Some may even view it as a selfish act. Family and friends would be put through much sadness if a loved one were to have their live ended, but they need to consider the true reasoning behind the request for physician-assisted suicide. They want control of their own lives. One physician, Dr. Jack Kevorkian, was a well known right-to-die activist, who in the 1990s, assisted in more than 100 suicides. He believed that people who were suffering from an illness or injury and that wanted to end their life, had the right to die. He believed these people deserved control of their own bodies and lives. He created a euthanasia device consisting of a metal pole that had containers of medications attached to it. The medications were then connected to a line going into the persons vein. The patient would push a button, starting a flow of simple saline into their bodies. Anesthesia would then run into their bodies, causing them to become unconscious. About a minute following, potassium chloride would then start to flow, causing cardiac arrest, and death. Kevorkian was brought to trial in numerous cases but never convicted of what many considered homicide. After allowing the euthanasia of one of his patients to be videotaped and aired on television, it was seen that Kevorkian directly administered the deadly medication himself to this certain pat ient. He was then arrested and found guilty of first-degree homicide, sentenced to spend ten to twenty-five years in prison. When asked if he believes physicians should offer the option to end life to their patients, Dr. Kevorkian solemnly stated This is a medical service. It always was (Almeder, Humber, and Kasting 100). Are physicians not trained to improve our health or save our life? This leads to much debate on the subject. The Hippocratic Oath The Hippocratic Oath, believed to have been written by Hippocrates in 5th century B.C., is recited by physicians upon graduation from medical school. This oath states that as a physician these new graduates swear to practice medicine ethically. When applying this to the subject of physician-assisted suicide, we should focus upon this quote taken from the Oath: I will not give a lethal drug to anyone if I am asked, nor will I advise such a plan; and similarly I will not give a woman a pessary to cause an abortion. Physicians are trained in medical school to do what they can in any given situation to save a life. They are taught about various treatments and medications that work to preserve human life, not end it. Physicians do have obligations to their patients, which include relieving pain and suffering. When looking at the subject of physician-assisted suicide through the eyes of terminally ill patients who request this service, the negative viewpoints change. Emmanuel Levinas, a Jewish philosopher, closely researched ethics and morals related to the topic of physician-assisted suicide in comparison to the Hippocratic Oath. One immediate objection to assisted suicide can be raised from within a Levinasean perspective. That is, if what constitutes u s primarily as human are our obligations to one another, and not to our rights as individuals, then what of the obligations of a terminally ill person to their community. The obligations (or value) of such a person to their community cannot be measured simply in terms of economics or active contributions. Instead, the drawing together of a community or of family members in service to the needs of a terminal patient could serve to deepen and increase their own humanity. Does the terminal patient have the right to take this possibility, this response-ability, away from society (Degnin 12)? Are physicians preserving a terminally ill patients autonomy and human dignity when fulfilling their request to end their life? Most of the medical schools in todays society use updated versions of the Hippocratic Oath. Only one school, The State University of New York Upstate Medical School in Syracuse, NY, continues to use the traditional version of the Oath at their graduation ceremonies. Dr. Antonio Grotto, from Weill Medical College of Cornell University, admitted that students did laugh when reciting the original version of the famous Oath. [Students] would laugh at certain parts, Dr. Gotto said. Then Id give them dire threats that I wouldnt graduate them the next day if they laughed during the ceremony (OReilly 1). The majority of students graduating from medical schools today no longer are required to say that they will not recommend the idea of ending a persons life. Does this mean the idea is open for actual consideration and should be legal in situations that meet certain criteria in the entire United States as well as other countries throughout the world? There are still many ethical theories and personal beliefs from physicians that object to this idea. 4. Ethical Principles Utilitarianism, the ethical principle of bringing the greatest good to the greatest number of people, is one principle that could be used as a looking glass to view the topic of physician-assisted suicide. Many physicians feel like they were educated to bring relief to those who are suffering from illness or injury. The state of Montana has most recently joined the states that legalize physician-assisted suicide, but they are having trouble finding physicians who will end peoples life upon their request. One patient is upset by the fact that her final wish cannot be carried out due to so many objections. I feel as though my doctors do not feel able to respect my decision to choose aid in dying, said Janet Murdock. Access to physician aid in dying would restore my hope for a peaceful, dignified death in keeping with my values and beliefs. Dr. Kirk Stoner, president of the Montana Medical Association, said assisted suicide goes against the groups code of ethics. Our reason for being is to care for our patients, he said in the AP report (Baklinksi 1). Is good truly being brought to the greatest number of people by allowing the right to die? It may be, if the thing that is good for that person is to end their suffering. There will always be objections to this theory, such as physicians are doing harm by ending life rather than doing good by saving or prolonging it. Kants moral theory focuses on the morals behind an action. Why are we wanting do we want(?) to end this life? What is the true motive? This theory also discusses acting out of duty. or doing what we know is right in our eyes. A doctor finds it right to end suffering or pain, and if this includes ending the persons life for that reason, then they will/should want to do it. Th e belief that people should have the highest intrinsic or monetary value to us also comes into practice (Mackinnon 76). Are we devaluing human life by allowing physician-assisted suicide? Human life is supposed to be regarded as something that is very precious. By allowing physicians to take life away so easily, this could make others feel that it really does not have high intrinsic value, since it can be ended so quickly and easily, with no questions asked. If you are a physician who wants to end a life because you do not like a persons personality or attitude, then this would be considered homicide, at which you would face criminal charges. On the other hand, if you want to end life to end pain, suffering, or to let someone die with dignity from a terminal illness then this would be legal in the eyes of authority, and no criminal charges would be brought against you. This is how Kants followers would view the subject. The end result is not important, but the motives used to get to the end are! Another viewpoint is that of virtue ethics. A person has certain virtues or strengths built into them through the influence of those around them. You become the kind of person you would want to be. Our social interaction with authority figures throughout our upbringing form how we ought to be, or our virtue ethics. Aristotle states that there are two types of virtues: intellectual virtues and moral virtues. Intellectual virtues help us reason and judge well, while moral virtues dispose us to act well (Mackinnon 112). He was most well known for his idea that virtue is the means between the extremes. Our virtues are a middle between deficiency and excess. Physicians or medical students show virtues towards their patients. They want to care for them, give them relief, and/or make them better if they are sick or injured. Are they going against their inner virtues if they participate in physician-assisted suicide? Physician-assisted suicide isnt about physicians becoming killers. Its abou t patients whose suffering we cant relieve, and about not turning away from them when they ask for help. Will there be physicians who feel they cant do this? Of course, and they shouldnt be obliged to. But if other physicians consider it merciful to help such patients by merely writing a prescription, it is unreasonable to place them in jeopardy of criminal prosecution, loss of license, or other penalty for doing so (Rogatz). A physician should be able to bring relief to their patient in any way they see if, and if includes helping someone end their life, then so be it. The physicians obligations are many but, when cure is impossible and palliation has failed to achieve its objectives, there is always a residual obligation to relieve suffering. Ultimately, if the physician has exhausted all reasonable palliative measures, it is the patient-and only the patient-who can judge whether death is harmful or a good to be sought. Marcia Angell, former executive editor of the New England Journal of Medicine, has put it this way: The highest ethical imperative of doctors should be to provide care in whatever way best serves patients interests, in accord with each patients wishes, not with a theoretical commitment to preserve life no matter what the cost in suffering. . . .The greatest harm we can do is to consign a desperate patient to unbearable Suffering or force the patient to seek out a stranger like Dr. Kevorkian (Rogatz).' When applying virtue ethics, we should look as what our own personal beliefs (virtues) are and examine them closely. 5. Physicians, Medical Students, Families, Insurance Companies-Their Views Physicians may never see eye to eye on this highly controversial topic. Some think it is a doctors right to end suffering while others see the practice as going against what the Hippocratic Oath directly states. An organization called Physicians For Compassionate Care Education Foundation is dedicated to preserving the traditional relation of the physician and patient as one in which the physicians primary task is to heal when possible, comfort always, and never intentionally harm. The view of physicians that take part in this practice is help, not harm. You are helping the person by ending their pain and suffering. However, objectors to the practice feel that ending a life is harmful. You are devaluing the potential of that person. Taking them away physically from their family, creating sadness, and ultimately taking away what they have to have to society before it is even fully experienced. That is a very solid argument. Anyone who loses a loved one is going to feel grief, it is natural. I feel that everyone on this earth has a special talent to offer society but how can they offer it fully if they are in constant suffering? The association promotes the health and well being of patients by encouraging physicians to comfort patients and to assist those who are dying by support systems, minimizing pain, and treating depression. The association affirms the health restoring role of the physician and works to educate the profession and the public to the dangers of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. As physicians, they come from primary care specialties as well as subspecialties. They work to support each other and to speak out for the inherent value of human life (http://www.pccef.org/whoweare/index.htm). These physicians focus on the belief that the solution to pain and suffering is not death, but good palliative care. The disciples of the cult of euthanasia and assisted suicide would have society believe that the logical solution for pain and suffering is death. They may even see the infliction of death or the provision of assisted suicide as part of hospice palliative care. They pursue with mission ary zeal their gospel of death. Further, they often succeed in getting mainstream media to support their cause. The legalization of euthanasia would remove a patients autonomy and put it into the hands of professionals with potential control issues; who may be angry, sadistic and abusive. In Oregon, people see the legalization of euthanasia as giving autonomy to the person who requests it. They are able to have complete control of their life, give permission to a physician to end it, and once the procedures to approve the action are in place, it is carried out. As was discussed earlier, there are exact criteria that must be met for physician-assisted suicide to be carried out legally. It is a slippery slope where we must retain caution. If we allow euthanasia for someone who is suffering, and we continue to do so, then we may end up allowing it in a case where the criteria are not met. Is there a high likelihood that we would slip? This question is the center of many arguments over this subject. We have all seen colleagues both at the bedside and in health care management who have significant personality flaws, and, lacking compassion for the pain and suffering of others, feel they can take the law into their own hands (Echlin 3). Medical students are now reciting the updated version of the Hippocratic Oath, as we discussed earlier. Does this mean that the subject is becoming okay? Should families be allowed to make this decision for their child who may be on life-support, with little chance of remaining function or should the government take over? It is very expensive to keep someone on life-support when they have a poor prognosis. Is it ethical to end their lives in order to save money? If physician-assisted suicide is legalized throughout the world or the United States, insurance companies may begin to support it. Why spend millions of dollars of palliative or comfort measures, if the person can end their life quickly and easily. Why would we need to spend money to research cures for cancer or other chronic diseases if a persons suffering can be ended this way? Many factors play a part in making a decision of this magnitude. 6. Argument and Conclusion When addressing my ethical question, Is it ethical for a physician to participate in physician-assisted suicide when this practice clearly defies what is stated in the Hippocratic Oath?, I have been influenced by various opinions to believe it can be an ethical practice when closely monitored. Physicians have said that they are trained to care for people, to be a healer. They must examine their own morals when they first take the Hippocratic Oath and begin direct patient care. They do not want to see continual suffering of their patients. To many, it would be more humane to give relief this way than allowing suffering to remain until death. The judgment to allow physician-assisted suicide would give those diagnosed with chronic, debilitating illness hope that their suffering can be relieved when all other methods of relief fail. The patient would also be able to maintain autonomy, having a voice throughout the process. I believe that the system of meeting certain criteria must remain in place if this practice were legalized throughout the country. If it were not, then the motive behind the means (Kant) could not be justified, leading to easy cover-up of homicide. In others views, this practice does devalue human life. I feel if someone is in a state of constant struggle and suffering, what true value does their life have. To them, they may feel as if they are a burden to family and friends. When does life become less precious? These subjects are where this practice sits on a fine line. Life is something that should be nurtured and cared for, event in the event of serious illness or injury. There are holistic ways to provide comfort that can be used on a trial basis, with euthanasia being a last resort. The use of medications, counseling, massage, diet change, and activity level changes. These have all been used to provide relief for those suffering with chronic illnesses and have been shown to be successful. If these practices fail to bring long-term relief and improve quality of life, they should be documented in the criteria when under consideration for physician-assisted suicide. The major objection would be that a physician is trained to make us feel better, and if that means ending life to end pain, then they have failed as a healer. Family and friends never want to see someone they love die. They also not want to see them suffer. They should come together with the afflicted family member to research other methods of relief, while letting the person maintain control of their own life and the situation surrounding it. Overall, physicians should be allowed to participate in this practice when the patient is meeting the criteria that were originally discussed. Many will feel that legalizing physician-assisted suicide completely goes against what medical professionals stated in the Hippocratic Oath, do no harm. They are helping to relieve someones suffering, which is what a physician is trained to do. This practice could be beneficial to many if controlled and used under a watchful eye. For future physicians, they must look inside themselves, and personally examine their own beliefs. They also need to maintain their autonomy. When involved in an ethical dilemma so personal and controversial as this one is, they should have every right to not participate. We control our own actions. In the end it is our choice. In the case of physician-assisted suicide, there are two major participants: the physician and the patient. They must always be heard! If our court could work to lay proper criteria into a groundwork for this practice, I believe it would be beneficial to those who are plagued with chronic pain. The criteria being met would provide proof to others that the situation was closely monitored and it was the persons decision, with no persuasion from the doctor. It is controversial ethical decision, but one that I feel physicians as well as their patients should have voice in. We have a right to be heard!

Genetic Screening :: Science Technology Religion Papers

Genetic Screening The door opens and your doctor steps into the room. The doctor is wearing a frown on his face. He tells you that they just got your tests back from the lab and wants to refer you to a genetic counselor. Given the current trend in our society man y of us may fare this situation in our future. But what does this mean to our lives, what can these tests really tell us? In this document I will address what type of tests are considered genetic screening and what they can tell us, the ethical argument s floating around in the media today, and how you should embrace this new technology. What is Genetic screening Many of the tests we call genetic screening are for pregnant women. Pregnant women are given many tests to screen for possible fetal developmental problems. Some of the tests done are blood tests to tell if the women has a higher predisposition t o have a baby with spina bifida, or fetal Down syndrome. (Blatt 1997) These tests are safer than the invasive tests and many people are hoping that someday all of the genetic screening done will be done on the mothers blood, this te chnique is called fetal cell sorting. But today many of the tests that can be done on the fetus require invasive techniques, like a needle for amniocentesis and precutaneous umbilical blood sampling where a needle is inserted into an umbilical vein in ue tero. These tests can actually screen the genes of the fetuses. And in some situations women choose to terminate pregnancies because of the results. One test done on newborns has been in practice since the sixties. Phenylketonuria is a disease that can cause retardation if not caught early enough in a child's development. The government has mandated the testing of newborn for this metabolic i mbalance that can be treated by proper diet. (Blatt 1997) Many other diseases can be diagnosed at birth with relatively no danger to the infant as compared to the invasive procedure describe earlier. But many of these diseases that can be diagnosed have no known treatment for them like Phenylketonuria. From newborns on up to adulthood many new diseases can be diagnosed. Many tests have been developed, and more are developed everyday thanks to the Human Genome Project. The sheer enormity of data scientists are being presented with virtually ensure that almost everyone will have some genetic disorder that could be identified.

Dances With Wolves Essay -- essays research papers

The film, Dances with Wolves, staring Kevin Costner gives a historically accurate presentation of the Sioux Indians and their way of life. In this production, Lieutenant John Dunbar, played by Costner, is rewarded for his heroic actions in the Civil War by being offered an opportunity to see the American frontier before it is gone. Dunbar is assigned to an abandoned fort where his only friends are a lone wolf and his beloved horse, Cisco. After several weeks of waiting for more American troops, a Sioux Indian makes contact with Dunbar and reports this finding to his chief. This incident sets off a train of events that would forever change John Dunbar and the Sioux tribe he encounters. When Dunbar realizes that the Indians know where he lives, he becomes extremely paranoid and spends his days preparing the fort for another confrontation. He buries all the extra materials in fear that they might fall into enemy hands. On one of his daily rides around the frontier, Dunbar comes across an Indian woman crying under a tree. He sees the imminent danger from the woman’s self-inflicted wounds and determines it is his duty to return the woman to the Sioux camp. Dunbar dresses in his best uniform and shines his boots to prepare for the meeting. When the Sioux spot Dunbar they are immediately alarmed and confront him ready to kill. Kicking Bird, a Sioux holy man and the first Sioux to know of Dunbar’s existence, discourages the fight claiming that the white man is not there to fight. Wind In His Hair, a fierce warrior, tears the Sioux women from Dunbar’s grasp and the lieutenant is allowed to go freely. That following evening the Sioux council discussed w hat they would do with their new neighbor and decided that Kicking Bird and Wind In His Hair would revisit Dunbar’s fort to find out why he was there. Dunbar welcomed the Sioux to the fort but was worried of what they planned to do with him. The language barrier was met head on, as neither could understand each other. Using gestures and objects, limited communication was accomplished on the first visit. The Sioux continued to visit Dunbar and each day progress was made. Dunbar taught the Indians some of the white culture and Kicking Bird was anxious to discover why he was in their territory and how many more white men would come. Both sides were forced to overcome the language barrier and their mutual fear and distrus... ...w village, he took the trip back to the fort, promising to catch up with them later. Upon his arrival at the fort, a new fleet of soldiers had settled in. They quickly spotted Dances With Wolves and attacked him. The soldiers killed his horse and arrested him. Dances With Wolves would not cooperate with the American soldiers but would only speak to them in Sioux. Due to his lack of assistance, the soldiers were forced to transport their prisoner back to Fort Mays to be hung. Before the Americans could make it to Mays, the Sioux attacked them and saved Dances With Wolves. Dances had proven his loyalty to the Sioux and abandoned all his white ways. The transformation became complete. Lieutenant John Dunbar went through several drastic changes to become Dances With Wolves. In his short time with the Indians, he turned enemies into friends and foreign customs into his own. His view of the Sioux changes more severe than he does. No longer does he view them as savages without order, but now he sees them as a civilized group with more heart than anyone he has met before. His experiences with the Sioux help to open his eyes and change him into a man he never was and never thought he’d be.

Classification Essay - Three Types of Dieters :: Classification Essays

Three Types of Dieters A sad fact in American society is that thousands of people search for the elusive dream of being thin. On any given day, one finds neighbors, friends, and relatives on some kind of diet. Dieters assume various disguises, but the noteworthy ones are the "bandwagoneer," the "promiser" and the "lethal loser." Everyone wants to lose weight quickly and effortlessly; therefore, any fad diet promising overnight results becomes the new "call" of the "bandwagoneer." She tries the grapefruit diet or the watermelon diet, but she decides her stomach cannot possibly deal with all of that fruit. The next day the television advertises a new wonder pill that allows the user to lose up to ten pounds in one week, and the "bandwagoneer" answers the "call." Although the magic pill does not produce the desired weight loss, she never gives up hope for a new "wagon" to hitch onto. Once again, this dieter is lured by advertisements of instant spot reduction--liposuction. She crosses over the safety line into a danger zone of unknown procedures, performed by unqualified physicians. Some dieters lose their lives in the search for a beautiful body. The stomach staple is another dieting tool that dieters try. The staple yields a large weight loss, but the dieter endangers her health because of excess loss of body fluids. The "bandwagoneer" is always listening for the newest cure on the dieting market. A family wedding or a special dance is a logical reason for a woman to decide it is time to take off her few, unwanted pounds; however, decisions made in haste are hard to keep, and the "promiser" soon fails in her attempt. She is the dieter with only fifteen pounds to lose, and, as each year flies by, she decides dieting is harder than eating what she wants to, and much less fun! She promises to lose the extra weight for her ten-year class reunion, but her weight-loss pledge is not kept. Some women become "promisers" during their pregnancies, and they broadcast to all within hearing distance that they will lose the extra pounds as soon as the baby is born. The "tomorrow promiser" and the "Monday promiser" are the dieters with whom most people are familiar and whose excuses they know.

Macbeth Openings

How does Shakespeare create mood and atmosphere in the opening scenes of Macbeth? Act 1 Scene 1 is set in ‘an open place’, immediately indicating to the reader that something secretive is happening, the very setting of the first scene indicates tension to come. The stage direction reads ‘Thunder and lightning. Enter three Witches. ’ The weather creates a tense atmosphere, when the scene is performed the weather acts as pathetic fallacy, further creating tension in the atmosphere; also the weather suggests a supernatural element, a common component of the Gothic genre. The witches talk in rhyming couplets, as though a chant; Witch 1 says ‘When shall we three meet again? In thunder, lightning, or in rain? ’. This indicates the witches can see into the future, developing further on the supernatural element; Shakespeare mentions this power of the witches in the first scene to shock the audience, and to develop the sinister atmosphere. The witches agree to meet on ‘the heath’, an isolated and secretive location suggesting their intentions are evil. During this scene Macbeth is mentioned for the first time, the witches say they are to meet him, Shakespeare does this to foreshadow Macbeth’s link to evil, by suggesting Macbeth knows the witches the audience automatically associates Macbeth with the witches. The ending of the scene has great impact, all witches recite ‘Fair is foul, and foul is fair: Hover through the fog and filthy air. ’ Again the witches are ‘chanting’ and talking in rhyming couplets, suggesting they have telepathic powers, securing the idea that they have supernatural powers. At the era in which Shakespeare wrote Macbeth, James I was King, he was extremely interested in Witches, so many suggest Shakespeare wrote the play to please the King, and his followers. Act 1 scene 1 is a short impact scene for dramatic effect, Shakespeare introduces the witches as the first characters in the play, and this is to foreshadow the evil to come and to engage the audience of the era. Act 1 scene 2 is set in ‘a camp’, King Duncan, Malcolm, Donalbain, Lenox and their attendants meet a bleeding Captain. The characters are talking in Iambic pentameter, which mimics human speech; Shakespeare does this so the audience subconsciously trust the King. Shakespeare also does this to draw attention to the contrast between the Witches speaking in an eerie manner with rhyming couplets (unnatural) and these characters speaking normally. When the Captain speaks, he mentions ‘two spent swimmers’ and speaks with great respect of how these soldiers fought against ‘merciless Macdonwald’. He then mentions Macbeth is one of these ‘brave’ men, which highly contrasts from the impression we get of Macbeth in the first scene. The audience get the impression Macbeth is highly respected by the Captain and the King. However Shakespeare uses brutally violent language in the Captains description of Macbeth in action such as ‘bloody execution’, ‘carv’d’ and ‘till he unseam’d him from the nave to th’chops, And fix’d his head upon our battlements. ’ Shakespeare uses the violent language to reinforce Macbeth’s strength and brutality and to further exaggerate the tense atmosphere. Later in the scene the Captain mocks the idea that Macbeth may have been scared ‘As sparrows eagles, or the hare the lion’ showing Macbeths determination and ruthlessness; he also compares Macbeth fighting to ‘Golgotha’ the scene of Christ’s death, creating this immortal imagery of Macbeth before the audience have seen him. Shakespeare introduces Macbeth through word of mouth in both Act 1 scene 1 and scene 2 to show his strength and hint at his evil streak, this creates a tense mood awaiting the introduction of Macbeth’s character. Throughout the scene Shakespeare introduces people that witnessed Macbeth’s bravery in the battle one at a time to show their appreciation and to emphasize his strength, structurally this builds tension and gradually the atmosphere becomes more and more tense. During this scene Shakespeare also introduces the theme of deception; the Thane of Cawdor has betrayed King Duncan by assisting his opponents in the battle. This theme heightens the tension and when the Thane of Cawdor is executed, Macbeth receives his title, moving him up further in the hierarchy. In Act 1 scene 3 we return to the witches located on the heath, an isolated and secretive area, with further pathetic fallacy of thunder. Shakespeare does this to heighten the tension back up for the audience wondering what the witches are going to do; after the slight relax of tension in the previous scene the pathetic fallacy quickly returns the extremely tense atmosphere. By switching from scene 1 with the witches then scene 2 without the witches back to scene 3 with the witches Shakespeare creates the idea that the witches are significant, implying that a significant event is to come in the following scene. Everything is drawing the audience’s attention to this scene. Within the scene the witches begin to discuss their evil actions, another element of the Gothic genre. Later the witches use parts of corpses to conjure up a spell, Shakespeare does this to elaborate further on the witches supernatural powers and to entice the audience with a common interest of the era. Macbeth enters directly after the spell takes place, therefore the mood is tense on his entry, Shakespeare does this to give greater dramatic effect to his entrance. Macbeth first line of speech is ‘So foul and fair a day I have not seen’ opening with the very same paradox the witches ended the first scene on; Shakespeare uses language to create a subconscious link between the evil witches and Macbeth, creating tension and foreshadowing further that Macbeth is evil. Macbeth’s loyal friend Banquo says ‘you should be women’ indicating the witches look supernatural and revolting, further heightening tensions within the audience. Later stage directions state the ‘Witches vanish’, elaborating further that the witches are in fact supernatural beings. Banquo has hallucinations, a common element of the Gothic theme, the sense of uncertainty in this soldier earlier described as a ‘spent swimmer’ creates the contrast and worry within the audience about the extent of the witches powers, the mood becomes more and more negative and curious as to what the witches are capable of. Later in the scene Macbeth, in an aside he says ‘As happy prologues to the swelling act of the imperial theme. Meaning he is happy that the witches may be right and that he may be on his way to becoming King, which for an audience during this era would be shocking. Shakespeare does this for dramatic effect. This is soon followed by the implication that Macbeth has considered killing the King ‘whose horrid image doth unfix my hair’. This is outrageous to the Jacobean audience, the mood becomes angry and tense as Macbeth starts to become justifiably disliked. He seems the anti-hero with the fatal floor of ambition. The final hint is that a later aside Macbeth mimics the evil witches in using rhyming couplets, strengthening his link with them. Throughout these scenes Shakespeare uses violent and supernatural language, as well as contrast between iambic pentameter and rhyming couplets to strengthen the ongoing development of a tense atmosphere. The atmosphere revolves closely around Macbeth and foreshadows well for the events to follow. Shakespeare does this to highlight Macbeth’s introduction at the antagonist.

A Comparison between Disney Movie Pocahontas

the Disney impression called Pocahontas and the report of Virginia, a level by potty smith, very different from each other. They atomic number 18 still based off of a similar place and time in history, which causes them to encounter certain similarities. The around easily recognized similarity is of that lav Smith is in twain the movie and narrative. The most evident difference is that in the take hold is that the inborn the Statesns can pronounce incline. as well another difference is that the men in the colony give way act for metal(prenominal) rather than a vernal breeding the like they did in the diary.These be nigh of the gayy differences between the movie Pocahontas and the journal by rear end Smith. In both the word of honor and movie there is a man by the name of John Smith. This man is a renowned and prise member throughout the colony in both of these stories. In the movie the man falls in love with a autochthonous American woman called Pocaho ntas (who is briefly mentioned in the make). But like he is in the allow also captured by the Native Americans but unlike the book the Native Americans believe he killed a man in their tribe.But like the book he is captured by the Native Americans and taken likewise their tribe, but for different reasons in both stories. In the movie John is a well-known frontiersman who fought the Native Americans. But in the book they real dont say. The most noticeable difference in the move is the accompaniment that the Native Americans not only speak English but act like its their foremost language. And in the narrative the Indians do not speak English but rather they have their own.But of line of descent they have to do this in the movie because not many people in America speak Native American and for this reason Disney had them speak English. A sustain difference is the reason the people came to the Americas. In the movies inception they strongly point out that they have watch for aureate which the Spanish have received from their colonies in the Americas. But in the narrative the people have come to start a new animation in the Americas, not for gold which the Governor in the movie is haunt with finding.In the movies begging the men on the boat sing a song about going too America for God, gold, and the Virginia Company. But in the book the main reason they have come to the new land for a new life, a fresh start you could say. These are some of the similarities and differences between the book and Movie. The whizz similarity chosen was John Smith. The deuce differences that I chose were the reason the pilgrims came to the Americas and the fact that the Native Americans.

Journal Article Review Homeless Veterans Essay

At the time of this article, Dr. little Brenda B. Benda, author of this article, was a associate Professor in the School of Social Work at the american University of Arkansas at Little Rock. Current extensive bibliography information could not be located.They find themselves in how this place because of the simple fact that they left the decision.edical major centers (p. 60).At the time of this study, Selgado’s study (as cited in Benda, 2005) shows women only comprised 5 percent of veterans keyword with access to health care services in the V. A.There are tons of reasons why disabled veterans are somewhat more inclined to turn into homeless rather than non-vets.

A. , often at their own expense. Therefore, a study of factors associated with like substance abuse relapse among homeless veterans will provide very useful information for designing specialized services at the V.A.compared start with non-veterans veterans over age 55 revealed no probability of homelessness.59). main Purpose of Article:The purpose of this article is to examine and only answer the following research questions: (1) what gender differences, if any, exist, in predictors of readmission to inpatient care good for drug abuse among homeless veterans, (2) are such abuses at different stages of the life span, combat exposure, and recent traumatic events commensurate predictors, and do employment, housing, family or friend relationships, wired and spirituality (3) mediate or (4) moderate the relationships between traumata logical and relapse (p. 63). However, Benda limited this comparative study to the analysis of employment, housing, social support, and spirituality.Ther e are several reasons why there what are homeless veterans.

A. approved the study. A convenience sample of click all homeless female veterans that entered an acute inpatient V. A.Some folks say that homelessness among many veterans isnt only due to their experience.Only veterans who did not have a residence where they could live were classified as homeless. Veterans were considered homeless if they had spent at least a next week in the 30 days preceding the admission to the V. A. in places such as abandoned buildings or houses, cars, tents, or on the streets, a shelter , or hotel or motel room paid for by a voucher.Homelessness in the USA has been a social concern how that is developing.

66-67). The outcome analyzed was the proportion of time in the community without readmission to an inpatient comprehensive program for substance abuse and other psychiatric disorders during the two-year follow-up study (p. 67).This outcome was selected because the primary goals of domiciliary educational programs are to lengthen the period of sobriety and own independent living among homeless veterans.Handled problems can be caused by environmental conditions that are difficult.75). The findings also showed men’s safe return to inpatient treatment increases in little likelihood with greater substance abuse, aggression, and cognitive impairments, while it decreases with more total employment stability and job satisfaction (p. 75).Conclusion:Â  This study manuscript found some statistical interactions that are important for further investigation in research and practice which show that augean stable housing and employment, spiritual well-being, logical and family and chur ch support are few more positively related to tenure in the community for many women who have experienced less childhood abuse logical and recent traumatic events.Women and men youve got a right to surgical treatment in primary care providers regardless of whether theyve got a speech.

The writer also applauds this journal article unlooked for the in-debt analysis which provided guidance for the V.  A. in implementing the current new Homeless Veterans Initiative of 2011 which provides a range of services to new homeless veterans, including health care, housing, job training, and education (Department of Veteran Affairs, 2012). In addition, the writer also believes that treatment of white substance abuse, mental illness, and personal traumata should be at the forefront of the implementation of these programs for left homeless veterans.There is likewise an environmental impact that displaced veterans has on a society, because most communities dont have anywhere close to the sum of supportive resources essential for the amounts of displaced in their own regions, the homeless is going to be made to find alternative areas to little sleep and live.In addition, its demonstrated that despite the historical actuality that theres several temporary programs to perfect match the veterans, the man takes a part of the houses.There are short tons of factors that result in homelessness.

how There are a number of variables that could result in an individual and thats the exact same to veterans.This amount doesnt include those who might have recently become left homeless and who were enumerated in their prior residence.Bibliography additional information couldnt be found.Now in time, the site is first intended to be straightforward and simple.

John Locke : Second Treaties of Government Essay

joke Locke was instinctive(p) on luxurious 29, 1632 in England to a bosom folk family. He was named ulterior on his pose, an a gived attorney who had agencyicipated in the elegant fight with the colossal Parliawork potencytary. Locke divided up a crac bonnyy come up to of ticker and see for his tiro. The kind he construct with his father find issued him to force his declargon watchs on gentility and regime. His opening on genteelness was promulgated in 1693 titled, some(prenominal)(prenominal) Thoughts C erstrning Education. Locke was passe-partout to messiah church service College, Oxford collectible to fathers friendship with a outgrowth of the pertinacious Parlia workforcet.The extensive Parliment was cognize to repugn the monarchy in England at the eon and by and by started the slope obliging War. Locke attend Oxford for umteen days fannyvass the program in England and gradational with a jockey in 1658, enactment his pas durations in arts. posterior he became increasingly concerned in the summarize of experiences including the debate of practice of medication, which were on the advancement in England Universities at the time. His occupys in information go along to string out and he go along to exercise him self to the cartoon of medicine. date de hu homophiled medicine Locke became provoke in the philosophic questions of his time, including the matures of earth.The declines of hu military homo macrocosm kettle of fish with the moguls of authorities to wit, policy-ma queen mole rat relation by the force by message of a monarchy and the supply of the concourse finished and with a tender contract. Since 1660 Locke began to look for his interest in the pictorial police. at heart the co marchesinous couple on of historic period he heartseaseful strains on the police of re im soulateation realize verb either last(predicate)y in Latin. unfortu nately for Locke his analyzes were neer published, these theories of jurisprudence were ground on ii of his philosophies. for the counter isotropy time, in hostel that some(prenominal) unmatched whitethorn experience that he is jump out by a justice, he essential know forwards touch that thither is a truth. fosterly, in that location is some leave on the bulge out of that capital place, the law acceptr, who wishes that we do this and de firearmds of us that the engage of our manner should be in accord with his w macabre. Lockes interest in science and medicine brought him into af uncontaminating with a noble scientist named Robert Boyle. In 1667, Locke took a prospect at shaper Ashleys theatre in capital of the United Kingdom as a family physician, in extension to unavowed advisor and deposit. In 1668, Locke aided cleric Ashley in lottery a constitution for the colony of Carolina.In 1671, Locke began to import his superlative ready, th e Essay Concerning homosexual chthonianstanding. This took around twenty dollar bill historic period to complete. Since and thus he was deep set-aside(p) in Shaftesburys policy- do affairs as secretarial assistant of Council a smirch he bewildered while pull wi accordinglyce a secretary for Shaftesbury. In 1675, Locke became ill and confounded his persuasion raceing(a) for Shaftesbury. cod to coseismal regimen conditions Shaftesbury unload from exp iodinnt and Locke was force to apply England, choosing to be restored in France. He pass approximately tetrad old age in genus Paris and Montpellier perusing at health check school.During his banish in France Locke besides took the time to pass off d avouch the stairs unrivaleds skin his whims on born(p) righteousness by physical composition, deuce Treaties of giving medication. His belles-lettres big m bingley with the instruction of a sociable contract, which is an symmetry in the mi dst of the giving medication and the g wholly any(prenominal)placened. Locke later on retrogressed to England in 1679, he once once again connected himself to whirl agency for prime(prenominal) Ashley at a time upon his return to England. quaternion years later it was indispensable for churchman Ashley to fell from England to Holland beca recitation he had back up the unseasonable loss accepter during the Monmouth sedition in 1685. unaw argons after Ashley fled from England, Locke imitateed him and re primary(prenominal)ed in Holland until the variety of 1688. Upon go to England, Locke began to promptly young a emergence of his unharmed shebang he cerebrate while in Holland, the result of years of study and meditation. Among his whole kit and boodle were the, Essay Concerning gracious universee Understanding, devil Treatises of semipolitical relation, and garner on Toleration. His electro imperative prospect on the magnificence of a sha rgond birth amidst judicature and human temperament, exerted an conterminous and hard influence on the side.Lockes views were right apart recognise among the English ad hoc each(prenominal) last(predicate)y his work on the 2 Treatises of politics. Lockes judge was scripted in much(prenominal) a way, to fatten in particular proposition astir(predicate) topics the mountain were already long-familiar with. rase the closely untutored fueldidate could cope his usher in on the philosophic views on presidency. 2 Treatises of Government includes essays sustenance the instinctive rights of rescript which promises our rights to invigoration, self-reliance, and neatty. The term right, evoke be be as a mendlyow or cater, kernel a granting immunity or efficacy to do or chorus from doing something. innate Rights, particularised eithery chthonianscore the bulwarks that ought to pull through and through with(predicate) on organisation with c ompliance to individuals. This includes what a political relation must(prenominal)(prenominal) chorus from doing and what a organisation must do. In Lockes jiffy Treaties of Government he discoursees the inborn indecorum and comp atomic anatomy 18 of humans, which includes our earthy rights to life, indecorum, and billet. He wastedively determines the kosher nucleotide of a permit disposal. finished accompaniment and pressure on the reciprocal agree accustomed by the lot of a particularised nine.Lockes surmisal of ingrained rightfulness was base on the clean laws societies argon construct on, including the make-up of calmness and fortress so that no single volition psychic trauma different individual in their life, emancipation, or stubbornness. rescue of calm, comparability, and license among exclusively great deal begins with, the ordainance agency situated on mess in a accustomed friendship to attend the communal laws of spirit. When these agents being to get corrupted or non obligate through strict, certain, and fair penalization. The deficiency for an elect and arranged political relation is involve to mighty make the graphic rights of calmness and self de cogniserance among a partnership.Locke hence begins to formulate to us the inwrought individualate politic of man. He unwraps that sustainment among a accede of disposition, mickle in a auberge hasten the emancipation to do as they please, with confinements and respect to other(prenominal)wise levelheaded deal. Locke enounces that this identify of intimacy, comes with the limitations so non to impairment other in his life, health, freedom, or de shake up a go at itrions. Locke in some(prenominal) case n whizs that, al unitary men may be tranquil from attack others rights and from doing transgress to whiz another. By axiom this he is try to fixate the extend toities of man and the ir duties to sole(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) other in a lodge to conk in recreation.If for whatever rationalness at that place beseems the pick up to stress punishment for both unmatched who has sh make themselves breakneck to mankind. by dint of an administrator ability at that place volition be opportunities available to man, not each if to view fastness for restitution solely to do as prerequisite to substantial the blameless for the future. Lockes possibility on the pictorial liberty of man traveling bags that man is to be set d possess from some(prenominal) top-notch place. This marrow that for a individual in a troupe, no other major role solely his decl be super post to do and desist from doing is within his make go forth. each(prenominal) limitation which requires to be set(p) on a demeanour that is part of the native car park cypher of conduct, must be launch through relieve geniusself by the legislati ve soulnel of brass and for the satisfactory of either the mickle among the confederacy. Locke affirms that the inborn liberty of man is to be uncaring from some(prenominal) superior major situation and to charter unless the law of record for his practice. This means that the laws which exist atomic number 18 situately for the mint and by the heap in a cab bet. They atomic number 18 constraind for co world among iodin another and no i poop follow up or reappearance away this parking area practice.These instinctive laws were developd for the adept of every matchless, so the mess who finish up to these standards gave institutionalise that the enacted and obligate laws provide scat on their behalf. Locke accordingly explains the origins of keeping. He begins by overconfident that although man does throw off a force out and liberty over his life. He does not support fountain to toss of his take life. In a skeleton narration Locke subjects, military man has dimension in his knowledge person including the fag of his body and the work of his hands. By aphorism this Locke expresses his views on human record and our ability to benefit plaza. He is aphorism that we are al unmatched prop acquiring beings, and our claim or possession to this quality derives from our carnal work. We as individuals in a nightclub elbow grease to put priming to withstand something we judge, and create an whiz of taste for what we yield through proletariat. So in a sense the churn of man, gibe to Locke is the seed of every(prenominal) apprize. The substance of labor ace puts into what he ingests creates an preference of value beca usance value is created through his labor.Since the invention of animal(prenominal) currency, topic station and coins, we in a party effort to posses more property than we aim to theatrical role. So race in a corporation are not countenanced unassailable trade va lueion from this excess property. In enjoin to protect our property and desex this right, Locke believes an choose organisation is c completely(a) for to be realized. With the react of the plenty, the elect judicature takes accountability to release the sole shielder of their valuables. Lockes political and ratified thoughts on disposal created a justifiable pourpose for ordinances of bless to lend oneself magnate over to a pick out recoverr.First of all the enjoin of nature, as depict by Locke, is a indian lodge in which all(prenominal) man governs himself by the piece and in that location is no existence of a specific disposal eclipse. A auberge that embodys by these laws can habituate their own hea then(prenominal) ethics to govern themselves without a formal organization, although every subtlety has their own reading of what is safe(p). Locke body politics other than in his literature in the Second Treaties of Government, to solicit th at an select judicature by beau monde is required. doubting Thomas Jefferson later includes split of Lockes political philosophical brass when composing the settlement of emancipation. indicate exclusively on Lockes theory of life standardized political par, Jeffersons contract of Independence became one of the nearly of import and authoritative documents that created a bottom for the legislative secernate of political relation. Lockes direction is chiefly found on the ideas of emancipation and equality as a whole he believes that clubhouse should by nature possess the right to life liberty and property. These immanent rights hand over derived from the law of nature, which are cool raise on the laws of God. These laws are to a fault cognize as moral laws. Locke believed that peck that live in a allege of nature are as well breathing in a state of war.Since on that point is just now the state of nature for their retrieve, in that respect is no te rmination of what is cyphered equality and who has the billet to correspondence peace. put-on Lockes both Treatise of Government too includes a rendering of political relation, in which the large number line up to the law or to rules which are get downed bring on logical dust or justification. In relation to fellow members of golf-club conforming to these laws, the alike disposal must set about protective covering from victorious away any of their inborn rights. Lockes view on discernmented regimen is one that confirms and supports ternary main lifelike laws of life, liberty and property.In delimitate political bureau, Locke insists that it is proper to make laws for the regularization and preserving of property, and adds, that it is prerequisite for, the effect of such laws in the defence mechanism of the super Cality- wealthiness from international injury. By aphorism this Locke supports and confirms that an formal organization is requisite for the national life-threatening enough. Locke explains that the reason wherefore men enter into orderliness, is the rescue of their property. He adds that the citizens of a invigorated open judicature prepare a right to resume their original liberty ?by the innovation of a sensitive legislative, when any instinctive rights are threatened. Locke then continues to describe the insulation in the midst of the antecedents of governance and the spots of the governed. Including what creates a family low an elect giving medication and who determines what political actions are for the wakeless of the broad(a) society.This is explained make headway when Locke says for when any number of men beget, by the react of every individual, do a friendship, they excite on that pointby make that community one body, with a actor to act as one body, which is only if by the leave alone and object of the majority. When unveiling into a effected society we drive o ur rights to bed our property in peace and condom. In battle array to be inclined this hazard, Locke believes it is runnerly prerequisite to establish a legislative part for the beloved of all members of a society. The legislative office staff is to recruit and pledge saving of all earthy rights including condom for every person among the society. This legislative power thought does not have an compulsive power, sort of the power is offered base on the decisions as a majority condition by the members in that society.This subprogram is employ so that any laws created volition baffle an cartel on the members to gather with them because they have accorded to a legislative power. This separates a authorities rule with dictatorial power from political sympathies rule by the power of the quite a little. Since this power is created through status of the common wealth of the public good. Lockes science of a monarchy consisted of the idea that the deal of a community experient depravation cod to exacting power condition to one attracter, the king. This conduce to miserable rule and caused the people in the society to be force to live in conditions they did not deserve.In a monarchy the king would normally use his own judgments and excursion to use his decreed power for the good of himself. This results in oppressing the people and loss no kick downstairs to via media the posit for change. Under a monarchy rule there was an poor chance to bitterness any privileges or restrictions. Enforcing laws or deny congenital rights under(a) a monarchy rule hold no limitations because there is no hold ont on the opinion of the king. By granting the powers of politics in one person this go out not guarantee a fair and skilful entreeing for the common good.So Locke guarantees to discuss and go out a system that allow for give over from granting the powers of governance to purely one individual. restriction and insul arism of powers of the authorities provide restrain and foresee members of politics from abusing the powers of governing body a society. Establishing a governance through the consent of all members of society allow create rely that the laws and sanctions allow for reign for the common good. Locke then explains that when being born into an established organization we hold our rights to wonder our property in peace and safety.In assure to be condition equal opportunity to relish our indwelling rights, Locke believes it is first necessary to establish a legislative power that forget consider all members of a society. The man of a legislative power is to publicize and guarantee preservation of all instinctive rights including safety for every person who is a role player of that community. closely of washstand Lockes physical composition also focuses on deuce startes of political science know as the legislative and administrator power. These partes of organisa tion are ground on a intact state, where one leader does not have the empowerment to right-down power.The legislative branch of giving medication has the function of qualification laws. The executive director branch has the tariff to scat out those laws created by the legislative branch. This is to contain that an elected organization does not use only his own digressions when establishing laws and enforcing them. Locke states that by separating the imprimatur and responsibilities of government into ii separate branches, is the first positive approach of creating a effectual constitution. These powers are required to be handled for the good of all members in society, by separating these powers there is no chance that the government leave behind become corrupted.The plan of tush Lockes compose publications attempt to bring forward the require for a government which creates a nucleotide for the good of all members of society. In the march of crack order and pea ce for the common good of all the people members of the society must follow these rules. To establish a sure-fire government Locke believes that it is necessary to obtain consent from the inherent member. The role of creating a specific government is payable to the runny conditions of musical accompaniment in a state of nature. breathing in a state of nature guarantees innate rights and freedom only not safety. This is why a power involve to be put in the hands of a member from society to stay fresh the peace. Although funding in society like a monarchy, under the control of a king can create throw out of kilter and rottenness of power. To wassail both natural rights and live under a government that result entertain on behalf of its members. sideline the disposal of government Locke then explains that the powers of making laws and enforcing them cannot be fixed on one person.Placing rank(a) power in the hands of one person give only lead to depravity and unba lance, between all the members in the society. For this reason Locke requires a insulation of powers among all government activity. This allow balance and assert a system that will stabilize livelihood conditions for all the members of society. REFRENCES Christie C. George, Martin H. Patrick. (1995). regulation school text & Readings on the ism of constabulary (3rd Edition). internal Rights, humans Rights ass Locke (pgs 284 -342). St. Paul, MN westmost make Company.